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See Below For Notes
8/16/2004
The Nature of Matter
Atom – the basic unit of matter
The subatomic particles that make up the atom are the:
Protons +
Neutrons
Electrons –
Element
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Radioactive elements – isotopes that have an unstable nucleus. Give off radiation. Have many important scientific and practical uses.
Compounds
A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
Example: NaCl
8/17/04
I - Chemical Symbols - represent the elements name. Each symbol has 1 or 2 letters. The first letter is always Capitalized.
- If 2 letters are used it means that the first letter has already been used
- ex: C = Carbon Ca = Calcium Cu = Copper
Compounds - 2 or more elements that chemically combine
- The elements do not keep their original properties.
- Compounds can be separated by heat or electric energy.
- Compounds always bond in a certain ratio. NaCl is salt, a compound made of Sodium (Na) - a silvery metal that explodes in water and chlorine (Cl) - a yellow-green poisonous gas! Together they form the salt that we eat.
II - Molecule - the smallest part of a compound that contains all the properties of that compound.
- Water Molecules = Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) and when broken down are gases, not water.
1. Solution - all components are evenly distributed in a solution
- Salt & Water = Solution Salt = Solute Water = Solvent
2. Suspension - When something does not dissolve (Ex. Blood)
3. Acid vs. Base
Water = H+(Acid) + OH-(Base)
pH Scale 1-----------7----------14
Acid Neutral Base
pH Scale measures the % of H+ ions
Bases are also called alkaline solutions. Cell pH is around 6.5 to 7.5. Buffers - found in cells and regulate cell pH.
Chemical Bonding
The main types of chemical bonds are
Ionic and Covalent
Ionic Bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom atom to another.
Ionic Bonding
Ions – positively and negatively charged atoms.
Ionic Bonding forms between a metal and a non metal.
Ionic Bonding
Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.
Non Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms.
Example: H2O
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds occur between two non-metals.
August 18, 2004
Define the Vocabulary Terms on page 56 for the following sections:
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
August 19, 2004
Complete Pages 17-21 from your workbook.
Page 56 Vocabulary - Due TODAY!
Chapter Test - Next Thurs. 8/26/04
TEST Review - Wed. 8/25/04
August 20, 2004
Read pages 35 - 46 from the TEXT
August 23-24, 2004
Know the following for Thursday's TEST 8/26/2004
Convalent Bond Ionic Bond Compound
Ion Suspension Solute
Solvent Solution Acid & Base
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acid
Protein reaction ------->products Enzyme
Proton Neutron Electron
Demoritus Isotopes Mass Number
Atomic Number
August 25, 2004
Chapter 2 TEST tomorrow!!!
Study notes and study guides from class and from this site.
August 26, 2004
CHAPTER 2 TEST ------ TODAY
August 27, 2004
View and take notes over the "Iceman" film.
August 30 - September 1, 2004
Define and label the parts of the cell, draw the structure in the box on the graphic organizer. (p. 174).
| September 2,2004
Finish Cell Project and complete Workbook pg 55 - 58 |
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September , 2004
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FRIDAY - 9/3/04 |
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Key
Concepts